{"id":303,"date":"2021-10-30T09:34:53","date_gmt":"2021-10-30T09:34:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/?p=303"},"modified":"2024-09-10T12:33:29","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T12:33:29","slug":"aluminum-and-its-usage-in-industry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/aluminum-and-its-usage-in-industry\/","title":{"rendered":"Aluminum Specification"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>What is aluminum?<\/h2>\n<p>Aluminum is a bluish white (silver) metal. Although it is the most abundant metal in the earth&#8217;s crust (about 8%), it is not present in pure form and is obtained from mineral ore components.<\/p>\n<p>Components of structures made of aluminum are very important in the aviation industry and other stages of transportation. Also, in structures where weight, stability and strength are required, the presence of this element is very important.<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-312 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9897.jpg\" alt=\"aluminum metal\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9897.jpg 250w, https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/9897-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The unique combination of aluminum and the excellent properties of aluminum alloys have made this metal one of the most important engineering and manufacturing materials.<\/p>\n<p>Light mass, high strength and high resistance to corrosion and rust make aluminum an excellent metal.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/aluminum\/\">Aluminum<\/a> is recyclable and environmentally friendly.<\/p>\n<p>Aluminum is durable and works without rot for years.\u00a0Aluminum is the most widely used metal after iron, both in terms of quality and value, and is important in almost all sectors of the industry.<\/p>\n<p>In terms of both quality and value, aluminum is the most widely used metal after iron and is important in almost all sectors of the industry.\u00a0Aluminum is pure, soft, and weak, but it can form alloys with small amounts of copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, and other elements that have a variety of useful properties.<\/p>\n<p>These alloys form important components of aircraft and rockets.\u00a0When aluminum is evaporated in a vacuum, it forms a coating that reflects both visible light and radiant heat.\u00a0These coatings create a thin layer of protective aluminum oxide that does not lose its properties like silver coatings.<\/p>\n<p>Another use for this metal is in the mirror layer of astronomical telescopes.\u00a0Pure aluminum lacks strength and is very flexible.\u00a0But the alloy of this element with the elements of copper, magnesium, silicon and manganese is widely used in various industries.<\/p>\n<h3>Specifications of aluminum metal<\/h3>\n<p>Aluminum is a chemical element that has the symbol Al and the atomic number 13 in the periodic table.\u00a0Aluminum, which is a silver and flexible element, is mainly found in the form of\u00a0<strong>bauxite ore\u00a0<\/strong>and is remarkable in terms of its resistance to oxidation, as well as its weight and strength.<\/p>\n<p>Aluminum is used in industry to produce millions of different products and is a very important element in the world of economics.<\/p>\n<h4>Technical specifications of aluminum<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Name :<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Aluminum<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chemical mark :\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Al<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Appearance :<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0A soft, silvery metal<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Atomic number :<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>13<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Atomic mass :<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>26\/9815 grams<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Melting point :<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0933 degrees Kelvin<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Boiling point :<\/span><\/strong>\u00a02792 degrees Kelvin<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plasma temperature :<\/span><\/strong>\u00a07850 degrees Kelvin<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Increase in length to rupture :\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>45%<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Hardness :<\/span><\/strong>\u00a016 Brinell<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Aluminum producing countries<\/h3>\n<table width=\"819\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"8\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">List of countries based on aluminum production<\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rank<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Country<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rank<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Country<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rank<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Country<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rank<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Country<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>China<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>India<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">15<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Diameter<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">16<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Mozambique<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Russia<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Canada<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">17<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Germany<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">18<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Argentina<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>United Arab Emirates<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Australia<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">19<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>France<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">20<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Spain<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Norway<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Bahrain<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">21<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Iran<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">22<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>New Zealand<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Saudi Arabia<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>United States<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">23<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Romania<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">24<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Egypt<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">11<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Iceland<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Malaysia<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">25<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Kazakhstan<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">26<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Oman<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">13<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>South Africa<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">14<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Brazil<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">27<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Indonesia<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>How to extract aluminum<\/h3>\n<p>One of the most important issues regarding the use of this element is how to extract it.\u00a0Aluminum is one of\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">the most reactive elements in nature<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>and can be separated from bauxite by carbon. For this purpose, they try to separate this element from the stone by means of electricity, so that aluminum does not make the slightest reaction.<\/p>\n<p>For this purpose, bauxite is placed in a solution and the bauxite is brought to a high melting point of about 2000\u00b0 C so that they can easily extract this element. Note that the extraction of this element in this way is one of the most cost-effective and popular methods for extracting and obtaining pure aluminum.<\/p>\n<h3>Types of aluminum alloys<\/h3>\n<p>Many different aluminum alloys can be found in many industries, the most important of which are the following aluminum alloys.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-315 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/640-2.jpg\" alt=\"Types of aluminum alloys\" width=\"600\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/640-2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/640-2-300x136.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Wrought Alloys<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In such alloys, first the alloy is cast in the form of ingots and after the production of primary ingots, it is subjected to forming processes such as rolling, forging, cutting, machining, etc. to become the final part.<\/p>\n<p>High corrosion resistance, high fracture toughness, good workability, ease of forming and bonding of these alloys are the prominent features of this category.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Casting Alloys<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In these alloys, the final part is produced by casting. The raw materials for charging the furnace to produce melt can be ingots, scrap, return parts from previous production processes, alloys or alloys.<\/p>\n<p>In these alloys, the expected properties can be achieved by adding alloying elements to the melt composition. High strength and workability are the features of this category of alloys.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"title_5\"><i class=\"icon-arrow-top-bold h2-up\"><\/i><i class=\"icon-arrow-bottom-bold h2-down\"><\/i>How to name aluminum alloys?<\/h3>\n<p>Naming of aluminum alloys is based on the combination of these alloys and the alloying elements to which they are added.\u00a0In this naming, a four-digit number is given to the alloy, the first of which indicates the type of alloying element present in these alloys.<\/p>\n<p>This designation is different for cast and machined alloys, and depending on the type of alloying element, the alloys can be heat treated or hard deposited.\u00a0In this section, we will get acquainted with these names.<\/p>\n<h4>Naming of Wrought Alloys<\/h4>\n<p>According to the standard,\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Wrought Alloys are divided into 8 categories <\/span><\/strong>, which are marked with a 4-digit number. The figure on the left indicates the type of alloying element.<\/p>\n<p>The second number from the left indicates the corrections made to the main alloy composition. If this number is 0, it indicates the original alloy. If this number is zero, it indicates that there is no alloying element or impurity in the structure.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the two digits to the right do not indicate the concept of khazi, except to indicate the specific composition of the alloy. Only in 1xxx series alloys shows the last two numbers of aluminum purity.<\/p>\n<p>For example, alloy 1050 is an alloy with 99.50% purity. In the table below you can see the naming of the composition of these alloys based on the American AA standard system.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-316 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/640-3.jpg\" alt=\"Naming of Wrought Alloys\" width=\"350\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/640-3.jpg 350w, https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/640-3-300x179.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>Naming of Casting Alloys<\/h4>\n<p>Casting alloys are named in the same way as used alloys.\u00a0But there is an important difference between the two categories, and that is that the last digit of these alloys is separated\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">by a decimal from the first three digits<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0For this reason, it is sometimes said that the naming of these alloys is a three-digit number.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"\">The first digit indicates the type of alloying elements and the second and third digits indicate the purity of the alloy.\u00a0<\/span>But the number after the decimal point indicates the type of product.<\/p>\n<p>If the number is 0, it indicates the spilled product. But the number 1 indicates a cast ingot. The number 2 also indicates cast ingots with limitations in chemical composition.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-317 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/640-4.jpg\" alt=\"Naming of Casting Alloys\" width=\"350\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/640-4.jpg 350w, https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/640-4-300x164.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"title_2\"><i class=\"icon-arrow-top-bold h2-up\"><\/i><i class=\"icon-arrow-bottom-bold h2-down\"><\/i>How are aluminum produced?<\/h3>\n<p>Industrial-scale production of aluminum was first introduced in the 19th century. At that time, the American engineer Charles Martin Hall and the French engineer Paul Harroll developed separately the production of aluminum, which is still used today and is known as the Hall-Harroll process.<\/p>\n<p>Three years after this discovery, a Swiss chemist named Carl Joseph Bayer proposed a method for separating aluminum compounds from impurities and purifying bauxite, known as the Bayer process.<\/p>\n<p>The combination of these two methods has led to the fact that after more than a century, the main method of aluminum extraction is based on the Hall-Herrollt and Bayer methods.<\/p>\n<p>However, the need for recycling and extraction from secondary sources led to the development of another method for recovering this metal from aluminum scrap and waste, which is known as the <strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">recycling<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">method<\/span><\/strong>.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">aluminum is extracted today from two primary sources and secondary sources<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Bayer process<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bayer is the first step in the process used to convert bauxite to alumina. In this method, bauxite ore is first crushed and mixed well after extraction to form a uniform composition.<\/p>\n<p>After crushing, the composition is washed to remove clay impurities during washing. But there are metal impurities such as SiO<sub>2 <\/sub>, Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>\u00a0and TiO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0in the composition, which are removed using sodium hydroxide or caustic soda.<\/p>\n<p>By combining bauxite powder with sodium hydroxide, which contains aluminum hydroxide (AlOH<sub>3<\/sub>) compounds , the metal becomes sodium aluminate (NaAlO<sub>2<\/sub>) and the remaining impurities become insoluble.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">AlOH<sub>3<\/sub>(s) + NaOH(aq) NaAlO<sub>2<\/sub>(aq) + 2H<sub>2<\/sub>O(l)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>However, the sodium aluminate solution is cooled after separation from the precipitates and combined with sodium crystalline hydroxide to form pure aluminum hydroxide precipitates.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-134\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-135\" class=\"mjx-mtext\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">NaAlO<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-136\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-137\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-138\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-139\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">(<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-140\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-141\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-142\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">a<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-143\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">q<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-144\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">)<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-145\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space2\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">+<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-146\" class=\"mjx-mn MJXc-space2\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">2<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-147\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-148\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-149\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-150\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">H<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-151\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-152\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-153\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-154\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-155\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-156\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">O<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-157\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">(<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-158\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-159\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-160\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">I<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-161\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-162\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">\u27f6\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-163\" class=\"mjx-texatom MJXc-space3\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-164\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-165\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">Al<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-166\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">(<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-167\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-168\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-169\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">O<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-170\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">H<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-171\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-172\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-173\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-174\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-175\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-176\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">(<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-177\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-178\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-179\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">s<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-180\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">)<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-181\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space2\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">+<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-182\" class=\"mjx-texatom MJXc-space2\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-183\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-184\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">N<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-185\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">a<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-186\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">O<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-187\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">H<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-188\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">(<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-189\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-190\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-191\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">a<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-192\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">q<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-193\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span id=\"MJXc-Node-162\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space3\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>After separation and filtration, alumina is obtained by heating pure hydroxide at 1000\u00b0 C.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-196\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">2<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-197\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">A<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-198\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">l<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-200\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">O<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-201\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">H<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-202\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><sub><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-204\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-205\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">(<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-206\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">s<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-207\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-209\" class=\"mjx-munderover MJXc-space3\"><span class=\"mjx-stack\"><span class=\"mjx-op\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-210\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-delim-h\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">\u2192<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-218\" class=\"mjx-mtext\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-219\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">A<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-220\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-221\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">l<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-222\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-223\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-224\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">O<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-225\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-226\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">(<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-227\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">s<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-228\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-229\" class=\"mjx-mo MJXc-space2\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">+\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-230\" class=\"mjx-mn MJXc-space2\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">3<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-231\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-232\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">H<\/span><\/span><\/span><sub><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-233\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-234\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">O<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-235\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">(<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-236\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">g)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><span id=\"MJXc-Node-237\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>After this step, the alumina is converted to pure aluminum during the Hall process.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-324 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/98754.jpg\" alt=\"Bayer process\" width=\"540\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/98754.jpg 540w, https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/98754-300x242.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Hall-Herolt process<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Hall method is a method based on\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">electrolysis (electroplating)<\/span><\/strong> of aluminum solution for the extraction of pure aluminum.\u00a0In this method, a solution called carbolite (Na<sub>3<\/sub>AlF<sub>6<\/sub> ) is used to dissolve alumina.\u00a0During this process, the aluminum metal accumulates molten in the bottom of the tank and is discharged from there.<\/p>\n<p>The metal obtained with this method has a purity of 99%, which after the process of processing, casting and production of ingots can reach a purity of 99.999%!<\/p>\n<p>Due to the fact that during this process, severe corrosion occurs in the cells, the wall and floor of the tank are made of carbon to be resistant to corrosion.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-325 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7498.png\" alt=\"Hall-Herolt process\" width=\"440\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7498.png 440w, https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/7498-300x263.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\">The Hall process is an expensive process and requires a lot of electricity.\u00a0For this reason, aluminum production in this way is usually done in countries with low energy and production costs.\u00a0That is why\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008000;\">China<\/span>\u00a0,\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008000;\">Russia<\/span>\u00a0,\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008000;\">South Africa<\/span>\u00a0and the\u00a0<span style=\"color: #008000;\">UAE<\/span>\u00a0are leading the way.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Aluminum production using recycling<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Recycling is a\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">very simple and inexpensive way to regenerate aluminum<\/span><\/strong>. This is because all production processes have already been done on the initial scrap and there is no need to repeat the initial steps.<\/p>\n<p>It is interesting to know that this method has only about 5% of the initial production cost and today about 50% of the aluminum needed to make products is supplied in this way.<\/p>\n<h5>But how is this method done?<\/h5>\n<p>To produce metal in this way, it is sufficient to heat the primary waste in oil or gas furnaces lined with aluminum blocks to melt the aluminum. In the next step, by casting this metal, it can be produced in the form of ingots.<\/p>\n<p>Doing so saves about 8 kg of bauxite and 4 kg of other minerals per kilogram of recycled metal. That is why today many people have turned to producing aluminum in this way and in a kind of alchemy.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"title_3\"><i class=\"icon-arrow-top-bold h2-up\"><\/i><i class=\"icon-arrow-bottom-bold h2-down\"><\/i>What effect do alloying elements have on the properties of aluminum alloys?<\/h3>\n<p>The most important limitation of pure aluminum is its low tensile strength. For this reason, alloying elements are used to increase the strength of this metal. Alloying increases the strength of this metal by forming a solid solution.<\/p>\n<p>Since no element has complete solubility in solid aluminum, the added alloying elements usually form intermetallic components. In this section, we will introduce the most important elements and the effect of each on the properties of this metal.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Copper (Cu): <\/strong>This element is considered as one of the most important elements of aluminum alloy, which increases its tensile strength.\u00a0This element can be used up to 5% for alloying.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Silicon (Si):<\/strong> Silicon is the second element we put under the microscope in this section. This element has a low solubility (about 65.1%) in aluminum and does not form an intermetallic compound. Therefore, it can not provide good strength for these alloys. But adding this element can increase fluidity, reduce melting point and porosity, and reduce defects such as hot rupture.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Magnesium (Mg): <\/strong>Magnesium increases the strength and hardness of aluminum due to the formation of a solid solution.\u00a0It also increases the fluidity of the melt, but overuse can cause slag and melt problems.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zinc (Zn):<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Zinc greatly increases the strength of the alloy.\u00a0But the low melting point of this metal is problematic and makes melting and alloying difficult.\u00a0Violation of more than 3% of these alloys also predisposes them to hot cracks and shrinkage cavities.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Manganese (Mn):<\/strong> The\u00a0addition of manganese increases the flexibility, impact strength, castability and reduces the shrinkage cavities of the alloy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nickel (Ni):<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Note that nickel can never act as a volatile alloying element and is added to aluminum-copper alloys to provide high temperature properties.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Titanium (Ti):<\/strong>\u00a0This element is added to aluminum alloys for granulation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lithium (Li): <\/strong>The\u00a0last metal we examine in this section is lithium.\u00a0This element is the lightest metal element that, when added, greatly reduces the density of the alloy.\u00a0This element is usually added to aluminum by 1 to 3% and increases its modulus, but reduces its flexibility and toughness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Aluminum features<\/h3>\n<p>The most important features of this element are the following :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>light weight:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In an equal volume, the weight of aluminum is approximately one third of the weight of steel, copper and brass. One cubic meter of aluminum weighs about 77 kg. While the weight of one cubic meter of steel is 220 kg.<\/p>\n<p>Light weight in aluminum products is considered a very important advantage. The light weight of aluminum, in addition to reducing its transportation costs, has made it competitive with steel in terms of price.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>High strength:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A combination of high strength and light weight exists in only a few materials in nature. The high strength of some aluminum alloys is comparable to the strength of steels.<\/p>\n<p>This advantage has led to aluminum finding a variety of applications in the automotive, defense and military, aerospace, construction, transportation and packaging industries.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Ductility:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aluminum can be deformed by various methods of forming metals.\u00a0Aluminum simply comes in the form of tubes, rods, plates, foils and castings of various shapes.\u00a0For example, 0.004 mm thin foils are easily possible by rolling.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Elasticity:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some aluminum alloys can regain their original state after the force is removed if they are affected by force or impact in a certain range.\u00a0This feature of aluminum in the design and manufacture of products that require strength and flexibility.\u00a0Very used.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>The price is right:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is one of the cheapest and most cost-effective metals in nature, which with its reasonable price has been able to attract the attention of many consumers in various industries.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Low specific gravity:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One cubic meter of pure aluminum weighs 2827.8 kg and one cubic meter of the heaviest aluminum alloys weighs about 2953 kg. These heaviest aluminum alloys are at least 1678 kg per cubic meter lighter than the weight of other construction metals.<\/p>\n<p>So this advantage can lead to cheaper transportation, more capacity, labor savings, less moment of inertia.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Non-magnetic:<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This feature is widely used in the manufacture of aluminum alloys for electrical and electronic applications such as equipment adjacent to high-strength magnetic fields, high-pressure hardware, equipment used in magnetic compasses, and magnetically sensitive devices.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Corrosion resistance:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The surface of aluminum parts does not rust, because aluminum combines with oxygen in the air to produce a compact layer of aluminum. This compact layer, which is only a few thousandths of a centimeter thick, prevents oxygen from coming into contact with the underlying layers of aluminum and prevents further oxidation of the part.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, oxidation of the surfaces of aluminum parts prevents corrosion in various environments such as humid air, seawater and a wide range of other physical and chemical materials. <span style=\"font-size: revert; color: var(--ast-global-color-3); background-color: var(--ast-global-color-5);\">Aluminum\u00a0can\u00a0also\u00a0be connected\u00a0by welding, soldering, gluing and riveting.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>High thermal conductivity:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aluminum is the most conductive metal after silver, copper and gold, which is why it is used in the manufacture of kitchen utensils, water and oil heat exchangers.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Non-toxic:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Solid aluminum alloys with a surface oxide layer are non-toxic and are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and health packaging industries. In addition, aluminum has a smooth, non-porous surface that prevents the absorption of foreign matter and bacteria.<\/p>\n<p>Aluminum can be in very close and intensive contact with food without affecting its taste, color and smell.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Electrical conductivity:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>At equal volumes, aluminum, like copper, conducts about 62 percent of its electricity. After silver, copper and gold have the highest electrical conductivity. But at a weight equal to aluminum, copper can be twice as conductive.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, the use of aluminum in electrical transmission is very economical. For this reason, aluminum is commonly used in power stations and power plants.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Light reflection capability:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aluminum is able to reflect more than 80% of visible light rays and invisible rays that have visible wavelengths at both ends of the light spectrum.\u00a0This property is used in the manufacture of optical reflectors and in the production of shields against light, radio waves and infrared thermal radiation.<\/p>\n<p>Light reflection capabilities in aluminum have led to the use of this metal in solar batteries and electromagnetic receivers and transmitters.\u00a0Aluminum products must be polished after manufacture.\u00a0To achieve maximum reflectivity in them.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Non-sparking:<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Although aluminum has a very high electrical conductivity, it does not produce sparks.\u00a0This very important property is used in devices that are used in flammable and explosive environments.<\/p>\n<h3>Usage of aluminum metal<\/h3>\n<p>Aluminum has many usages in many industries, so that the most important of these usages can be mentioned as follows :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>automobile manufacturing<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In many car companies around the world, we see the unique use of aluminum alloys so that you can see the use of this element in different parts of a car.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Marine industries<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Due to its light weight, aluminum is one of the best options for use in the marine and shipbuilding industries.\u00a0This element also shows high resistance to corrosion, which also encourages its use in this industry, and this element is used significantly in the construction of passenger ships.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Packing<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Today, many food and chemical industries prioritize the use of aluminum for the packaging of their products, so that this element is about 90% of the main packaging materials and you can use it in large quantities. See available in the market.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h4>Construction<\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aluminum and its alloys are one of the most important and widely used metals used in the construction industry, so that with its low weight, high resistance to rust and high ductility, it has been able to have the best performance.<\/p>\n<p>Currently, the United States and China are among the leading countries in the use of aluminum in construction.\u00a0Note that the cost of using this element is much cheaper than other metals and therefore has received more attention.<\/p>\n<h4>Other usages<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Air conditioners, refrigerators and freezers make up the bulk of the total demand for aluminum.<\/li>\n<li>Refining and galvanizing steel<\/li>\n<li>Aluminum is used to provide various types of insulation and as a good heat conductor in the preparation of kitchen utensils.<\/li>\n<li>Aluminum is the second most conductive element after electric copper, and due to the creation of very strong electrical lines, it is used to provide high voltage transmission wires.<\/li>\n<li>Bauxites are used in the preparation of cement and fixed paint<\/li>\n<li>Aluminum oxide powder as a bauxite mineral is used to prepare aluminum sulfate and sodium aluminate in water treatment.<\/li>\n<li>Aluminum sulfate is also used in the paper and textile industries.<\/li>\n<li>Aluminum alloys are widely used in commercial and military aircraft due to their high tensile strength due to their low weight.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Aluminum is often rust resistant and can be used for a long time.<\/li>\n<li>Although the electrical conductivity of this element is 60% copper, it is used in the transmission line industry due to its light weight.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"title_6\"><i class=\"icon-arrow-top-bold h2-up\"><\/i><i class=\"icon-arrow-bottom-bold h2-down\"><\/i>Aluminum production in Iran and the world<\/h3>\n<p>In 2019, the world aluminum production is equivalent to 64 million tons.\u00a0China has been the world&#8217;s largest producer of aluminum for many years due to its abundance of primary resources and very low production costs.\u00a0With a production of 36 million tons in 2019, the country alone recorded more than 50% of world production.<\/p>\n<p>After this country, India ranked second with production of 3.7 million tons this year.\u00a0Russia, Canada and the United Arab Emirates also ranked third to fifth.<\/p>\n<p>Our country is ranked 21st in the world in 2017 with a production of 338,000 tons per year.\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Iralco<\/span><\/strong> is the first aluminum producer in Iran, which was put into operation in 1974. At present, this company is considered to be the largest aluminum production company in Iran by producing all kinds of <a href=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/aluminum\/\">aluminum ingots<\/a> and other parts. After this company, <span style=\"color: #000000;\">Al-Mahdi Aluminum<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0Factory<\/span>\u00a0, with its operation in 1990, is the second largest production factory in the country.<\/p>\n<p>IMM provide Aluminum Ingots and slab with good price. we are <a href=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/aluminum\/\">wholesaler of aluminum in Iran<\/a>. for more information and get<a href=\"https:\/\/iranmetalsmarket.ir\/en\/aluminum\/\"> aluminum price<\/a> please contact us.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is aluminum? Aluminum is a bluish white (silver) metal. Although it is the most abundant metal in the earth&#8217;s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Aluminum Specification - Iran metals market<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is aluminum? 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